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Post by denpuresound on Feb 15, 2011 16:06:18 GMT -5
Circuit breakers are rated both by the normal current that are expected to carry, and the maximum short-circuit current that they can safely interrupt.
Under short-circuit conditions, a current many times greater than normal can exist (see maximum prospective short circuit current). When electrical contacts open to interrupt a large current, there is a tendency for an arc to form between the opened contacts, which would allow the current to continue. This condition can create conductive ionized gasses and molten or vaporized metal which can cause further continuation of the arc, or creation of additional short circuits, potentially resulting in the explosion of the circuit breaker and the equipment that it is installed in. Therefore, circuit breakers must incorporate various features to divide and extinguish the arc.
In air-insulated and miniature breakers an arc chute structure consisting (often) of metal plates or ceramic ridges cools the arc, and magnetic blowout coils deflect the arc into the arc chute. Larger circuit breakers such as those used in electrical power distribution may use vacuum, an inert gas such as sulphur hexafluoride or have contacts immersed in oil to suppress the arc.
The maximum short-circuit current that a breaker can interrupt is determined by testing. Application of a breaker in a circuit with a prospective short-circuit current higher than the breaker's interrupting capacity rating may result in failure of the breaker to safely interrupt a fault. In a worst-case scenario the breaker may successfully interrupt the fault, only to explode when reset.
Miniature circuit breakers used to protect control circuits or small appliances may not have sufficient interrupting capacity to use at a panelboard; these circuit breakers are called "supplemental circuit protectors" to distinguish them from distribution-type circuit breakers.
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Post by denpuresound on Feb 15, 2011 16:56:30 GMT -5
From just two pages back ... "The ratings that were given at EmoFest were conservative as quoted from Big Dan: "XPR-7: 350 watts RMS @ 8 ohms per channel, all channels driven 600 watts RMS @ 4 ohms per channel, all channels driven. Projected price $1999.00 XPR-5: 400 watts RMS @ 8 ohms per channel, all channels driven 800 watts RMS @ 4 ohms per channel, all channels driven. Projected price $1699.00 XPR-2: 600 watts RMS @ 8 ohms per channel, all channels driven 1200 watts RMS @ 4 ohms per channel, all channels driven. Projected price $1499.00 XPR-1:1000 watts RMS @ 8 ohms per channel, all channels driven 2000 watts RMS @ 4 ohms per channel, all channels. Projected price $1299.00" Thanks for that, but I made a habit of quoting those figures in bold! If not, it won't even last two pages before anyone asks the prices... ;D XPR-7: 350 watts RMS @ 8 ohms per channel, all channels driven 600 watts RMS @ 4 ohms per channel, all channels driven. Projected price $1999.00
XPR-5: 400 watts RMS @ 8 ohms per channel, all channels driven 800 watts RMS @ 4 ohms per channel, all channels driven. Projected price $1699.00
XPR-2: 600 watts RMS @ 8 ohms per channel, all channels driven 1200 watts RMS @ 4 ohms per channel, all channels driven. Projected price $1499.00
XPR-1:1000 watts RMS @ 8 ohms per channel, all channels driven 2000 watts RMS @ 4 ohms per channel, all channels. Projected price $1299.0With two XPR-1 on max level with 4 ohm speakers, I could heat my whole house! And it ain't a small house! "Are you cold, honey? Then I shall turn the volume to eleven!" ;D ;D Erwin -- make sure when you connect it up there, look for the direction signal flow on those Audio Cables -- Do you believe in the fact that a cable could have a direction of Electron flow on it? Yes, a wire has R/L/C, but do you think it really cares what direction the Electrons are flowing down it producing Current (dQ/dT) in Amperes? Some of my cables have an arrow on them. Is this VooDoo Magic or just another LIE? Or, anyone else please Chime In here.. Thanks. Den
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Post by joeren22 on Feb 15, 2011 18:30:13 GMT -5
Thanks for that, but I made a habit of quoting those figures in bold! If not, it won't even last two pages before anyone asks the prices... ;D XPR-7: 350 watts RMS @ 8 ohms per channel, all channels driven 600 watts RMS @ 4 ohms per channel, all channels driven. Projected price $1999.00
XPR-5: 400 watts RMS @ 8 ohms per channel, all channels driven 800 watts RMS @ 4 ohms per channel, all channels driven. Projected price $1699.00
XPR-2: 600 watts RMS @ 8 ohms per channel, all channels driven 1200 watts RMS @ 4 ohms per channel, all channels driven. Projected price $1499.00
XPR-1:1000 watts RMS @ 8 ohms per channel, all channels driven 2000 watts RMS @ 4 ohms per channel, all channels. Projected price $1299.0With two XPR-1 on max level with 4 ohm speakers, I could heat my whole house! And it ain't a small house! "Are you cold, honey? Then I shall turn the volume to eleven!" ;D ;D Erwin -- make sure when you connect it up there, look for the direction signal flow on those Audio Cables -- Do you believe in the fact that a cable could have a direction of Electron flow on it? Yes, a wire has R/L/C, but do you think it really cares what direction the Electrons are flowing down it producing Current (dQ/dT) in Amperes? Some of my cables have an arrow on them. Is this VooDoo Magic or just another LIE? Or, anyone else please Chime In here.. Thanks. Den Since the audio signal is bi-polar, electrons must flow in both directions. However the shield on a cable may be connected on only one side by design to help with noise suppression and ground loop issues, but mostly on high frequency signals over differential lines. With single ended cables I don't believe there is any benefit.
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Post by SpeedD408 on Feb 16, 2011 18:15:32 GMT -5
Erwin -- make sure when you connect it up there, look for the direction signal flow on those Audio Cables -- Do you believe in the fact that a cable could have a direction of Electron flow on it? Yes, a wire has R/L/C, but do you think it really cares what direction the Electrons are flowing down it producing Current (dQ/dT) in Amperes? Some of my cables have an arrow on them. Is this VooDoo Magic or just another LIE? Or, anyone else please Chime In here.. Thanks. Den Since the audio signal is bi-polar, electrons must flow in both directions. However the shield on a cable may be connected on only one side by design to help with noise suppression and ground loop issues, but mostly on high frequency signals over differential lines. With single ended cables I don't believe there is any benefit. One person tried to tell me that directional cables have diodes (a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts electric current in only one direction) connected to both ends of the wires. The idea is to prevent a power (from a surge or conductance from being run next to the power line) from flowing through the audio cable and killing your source. It doesn't do anything for the destination as the electrons have to flow. However, I've never ripped one apart to find out.
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DYohn
Emo VIPs
Posts: 18,356
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Post by DYohn on Feb 16, 2011 18:32:58 GMT -5
Since the audio signal is bi-polar, electrons must flow in both directions. However the shield on a cable may be connected on only one side by design to help with noise suppression and ground loop issues, but mostly on high frequency signals over differential lines. With single ended cables I don't believe there is any benefit. One person tried to tell me that directional cables have diodes (a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts electric current in only one direction) connected to both ends of the wires. The idea is to prevent a power (from a surge or conductance from being run next to the power line) from flowing through the audio cable and killing your source. It doesn't do anything for the destination as the electrons have to flow. However, I've never ripped one apart to find out. While I won't say no one has ever built a cable like that, I will say that most ICs marked with directional arrows simply tell the user which end has the shield lifted.
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Post by denpuresound on Feb 17, 2011 13:02:15 GMT -5
One person tried to tell me that directional cables have diodes (a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts electric current in only one direction) connected to both ends of the wires. The idea is to prevent a power (from a surge or conductance from being run next to the power line) from flowing through the audio cable and killing your source. It doesn't do anything for the destination as the electrons have to flow. However, I've never ripped one apart to find out. While I won't say no one has ever built a cable like that, I will say that most ICs marked with directional arrows simply tell the user which end has the shield lifted. DYohn -- exactly right on the $ -- that's BS their are no Diodes in these directional cables that I have ever seen. This coupling is referred to as Common-Impedance Coupling, and is the result of the fact that in an Unbalanced two-wire system the shield is performing two functions. It is a shield carrying the common-mode noise current (of which we do not want any of), but it is also one of the signal conductors carrying the return signal current. So by lifting the shield on one end, the Common-Impedance Coupling goes away, and that is why some cable mfg's. have the arrow on their insulation. But since Audio is AC and as stated Bi-Polar above and below GND, by UnCoupling the one end we get rid of the common-mode noise or the ground loop coupling - this is a GOOD THING!!
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Post by denpuresound on Feb 17, 2011 15:35:49 GMT -5
While I won't say no one has ever built a cable like that, I will say that most ICs marked with directional arrows simply tell the user which end has the shield lifted. DYohn -- exactly right on the $ -- that's BS their are no Diodes in these directional cables that I have ever seen. This coupling is referred to as Common-Impedance Coupling, and is the result of the fact that in an Unbalanced two-wire system the shield is performing two functions. It is a shield carrying the common-mode noise current (of which we do not want any of), but it is also one of the signal conductors carrying the return signal current. So by lifting the shield on one end, the Common-Impedance Coupling goes away, and that is why some cable mfg's. have the arrow on their insulation. But since Audio is AC and as stated Bi-Polar above and below GND, by UnCoupling the one end we get rid of the common-mode noise or the ground loop coupling - this is a GOOD THING!! All of this Uni-Directional Cable stuff I think is all BOGUS... here's why, I just checked my Audio Monster Cables of the past, which show a one directional SIGNAL FLOW Arrow ==> on them, here with a DMM, and from Shield to Shield on the RCA's at each end showing continuity, and I checked it both ways and each direction is showing continuity. Go Figure? ?
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Post by avhound on Feb 28, 2011 15:28:59 GMT -5
Ello! just getting back up to speed and ready for the new EMO to come out. i've been reading All over, started when my sub amp blew oh well time to get busy. Reviews, reviews and more reviews. now after the new sub comes, (Amps Oh Yeah!) More reviews and i've known about Emotiva for some years now and I am ready, i say for "The New USS Enterprise" . Anyway i just wanted to post my finds, and trust me i will be patient, tax season anyone. i believe with the new subs out and these wounderfull (full of power, and weight) Amps, most anyone can truly have a most excellent system. XPR-7 i think she had been cloned from Sherbourn 7-350 sherbourn.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=3&Itemid=21NOTE; this off of Home Theater Review. com 10/26/2008 Emotiva might be a relatively new name in the world of value-oriented audio. However, ask any high-end audio manufacturer executive what the company is and they will be able to tell you all about it. Emotiva is the Internet-direct house brand of an U.S.-based OEM company that designs and makes many of the best AV preamps in the world for brands that I am not really allowed to talk about. Take it from me, they are some of the biggies and the products are notably feature-laden and, more specifically, very reliable i have once again enjoyed reading and learning, i upgrade my system every few years as time, money permits. take care and have fun avh
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Post by Trey on Feb 28, 2011 19:26:25 GMT -5
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Post by avhound on Mar 1, 2011 11:44:40 GMT -5
Most excellent find if she looks like that instead of the previous one(the one with all the lights), my oh my! i can not wait to unbox her iam now camping here in the A.M.s must run 220-240V. and have my shelf ready for assembly. jack of all trades master at absolutely none of them ;D have many seen it already or i heard some got to pre order? avh
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drmark
Minor Hero
132tb Synology Servers growing fast
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Post by drmark on Mar 1, 2011 14:56:21 GMT -5
Say Lonnie, Does the XPR-2 have push/pull like the XPA-1, or is the XPA-1 staying the flagship amp? Using the XPA-5 and XPA-3 in 2 channel mode for now. I am itching to buy another amp or 2. Also any estimated release on the XPR-2?
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Post by UT-Driven on Mar 1, 2011 16:29:57 GMT -5
Most excellent find if she looks like that instead of the previous one(the one with all the lights), my oh my! i can not wait to unbox her iam now camping here in the A.M.s must run 220-240V. and have my shelf ready for assembly. jack of all trades master at absolutely none of them ;D have many seen it already or i heard some got to pre order? avh As I understand it, you need to buy the Emotiva Pro/Sherbourn for the look in the cepro.com article and it will cost a bit more than the XPR series. I am not sure how much of the design shares with the XPR series. Was this ever mentioned? Doug
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Post by avhound on Mar 1, 2011 17:45:53 GMT -5
hey Doug what ever! just kidding guess wait and see don't mind the lights of the other one just like the looks of THAT ONE but if it's a lil' less expensive we will still sink ships with her. i am so tickled eric
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Post by brax on Mar 1, 2011 20:56:07 GMT -5
Are the XPR amps Vaporware or is there a release date? It looks like they are over a year past the first published release date.
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Post by UT-Driven on Mar 1, 2011 23:06:03 GMT -5
hey Doug what ever! just kidding guess wait and see don't mind the lights of the other one just like the looks of THAT ONE but if it's a lil' less expensive we will still sink ships with her. i am so tickled eric Despite the skin it ends up with, it will be one heck of an amplifier. My apologies if I sounded too formal or terse. I have been confused with a robot many times. ;D Doug
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Post by mg on Mar 2, 2011 0:55:18 GMT -5
Last year I was told the XPR series would be out by Nov. / Dec. , then it was the 1st quarter of the year. I spoke to Emo this morning and they stated the earliest they are looking at releasing the XPR's is Summer. Bummer I guess we will have to wait longer.
On a positive note I just scored a pair XPA-1's
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Post by avhound on Mar 2, 2011 13:04:51 GMT -5
Hi Doug i was truly just joking with ya, thought it would make ya laugh,and i never ever take any thing wrong on these forums(trust me go build a replica cobra) some people just will never get a clue even if you bought them a vowel. I love to read, it helps me do fun projects and i mean many without running into the ground. any way to all those who purchase this ship should have lots of fun with it. i have to do a lil' remod on the room dust,new carpet, electrical for apparently this can be 220-240v, i will build my own shelf and rewire what needs to be. The Western Room (AKA Nickle Room) use to have a pool table, tv and yes found our selves watching tv more than shootn' pool then i fell back into the great audio world and Boom the room is a speaker that was 6yrs ago now time to upgrade. the living room setup was too airy and finally decided western room was way more acoustic friendly. i have had all different speakers, subs, recv. amp but this One will be ther 1st high performance Amp. this is the second forum i have ever joined, i get a kick over at HSU have not joined up yet. so have a great day to all especially Doug. p.s. i'm just learning and wanting to purchase nice stuff. now what did i do with those coins? avh
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Post by UT-Driven on Mar 3, 2011 1:42:21 GMT -5
Hi Doug i was truly just joking with ya, thought it would make ya laugh,and i never ever take any thing wrong on these forums(trust me go build a replica cobra) some people just will never get a clue even if you bought them a vowel. I love to read, it helps me do fun projects and i mean many without running into the ground. any way to all those who purchase this ship should have lots of fun with it. i have to do a lil' remod on the room dust,new carpet, electrical for apparently this can be 220-240v, i will build my own shelf and rewire what needs to be. The Western Room (AKA Nickle Room) use to have a pool table, tv and yes found our selves watching tv more than shootn' pool then i fell back into the great audio world and Boom the room is a speaker that was 6yrs ago now time to upgrade. the living room setup was too airy and finally decided western room was way more acoustic friendly. i have had all different speakers, subs, recv. amp but this One will be ther 1st high performance Amp. this is the second forum i have ever joined, i get a kick over at HSU have not joined up yet. so have a great day to all especially Doug. p.s. i'm just learning and wanting to purchase nice stuff. now what did i do with those coins? avh I'd like to buy an 'O' please Vanna. ;D I built a replica cobra once. It bit me and I had to go to the hospital. I would go 220v for this beast just to be safe. We look forward to seeing your final remodel. Have a good one! Doug
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Post by avhound on Mar 3, 2011 10:52:56 GMT -5
burned by the side pipes? or auto crash ?. hope you recovered fine. started build with my son it was fun. never do it again, 3 yrs and could of bought turnkey way cheaper! but the experience was priceless. avh
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Post by avhound on Mar 3, 2011 10:56:37 GMT -5
Yes 220-240 volt just Way More Efficient. avh
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